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华人修建堤坝的证据

已有 911 次阅读2023-3-3 13:04 |个人分类:华人历史|系统分类:转帖-知识

"Chew Kee" 就是华人承包筑堤坝工程的公司。

This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910
By Suchan Chang
Amazon.com: This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture,  1860-1910: 9780520067370: Chan, Sucheng: BooksThis Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910:  9780520067370: Chan, Sucheng: Books - Amazon.com
Chan said landowners like Reuben Kercheval, P.J. van Loben Sels and George D. Roberts 
hired Chinese laborers to build up the Delta levee system, work that ultimately brought 
the landowners huge returns on their investment.

Roberts, who was president of the Tide Land Reclamation Co., bought swampland for $1 to $4 per acre and spent $6 to $12 per acre reclaiming it, according to Chan. He sold the partially or wholly reclaimed land for $20 to $100 per acre.
"None of the work would have been done, however, had Chinese laborers not been available," Chan wrote.
details:

Reuben Kercheval 大地主

George D. Roberts (see clip above) 旧金山大地主
George D. Roberts, a prominent landowner in San Francisco, hired Chinese workers in the 19th century to build levees.
 Roberts was involved in various infrastructure projects, including levee construction, and Chinese workers were commonly 
employed in such projects due to their reputation for being skilled and hardworking.

P.J. van Loben Sels 荷兰驻旧金山领事
P.J. van Loben Sels, who served as the Consul of the Netherlands in San Francisco during the 19th century, 
did hire Chinese workers to help build levees. Van Loben Sels was involved in various infrastructure projects, 
including levee construction, and Chinese workers were commonly employed in such projects due to their 
reputation for being skilled and hardworking.

*(((

Yes, there is evidence that Chinese immigrants played a significant role in building levees in the Sacramento Delta area of California during the 19th century. The Sacramento Delta is a region of low-lying land in Northern California that is prone to flooding from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.


Chinese immigrants began arriving in California during the Gold Rush era in the mid-1800s and quickly found work in various industries, including agriculture. Many Chinese immigrants worked as farm laborers, and some also found work building levees in the Sacramento Delta.

According to historical records, Chinese workers were often hired to build levees because they were willing to work for lower wages than white workers. Chinese workers were also known for their skill in constructing levees and other water management infrastructure, which they had developed through centuries of experience in China.

One of the most famous examples of Chinese-built levees in the Sacramento Delta is the Holland Tract, which was constructed in the late 19th century by a Chinese immigrant named Chew Kee. The Holland Tract is a network of levees, canals, and drainage ditches that helped to reclaim thousands of acres of land for agricultural use.

Overall, Chinese immigrants made significant contributions to the development of agriculture and infrastructure in California during the 19th century, including the construction of levees in the Sacramento Delta.

Chinese workers were hired by a variety of landowners to build levees in the Sacramento Delta during the 19th century. Many of the landowners in the area were farmers who needed levees to protect their crops from flooding.

Some of the larger landowners in the Sacramento Delta during this time were agricultural companies that had acquired large tracts of land for commercial farming. These companies often hired Chinese workers to build and maintain levees on their land.

In addition to farmers and agricultural companies, other landowners in the Sacramento Delta who hired Chinese workers to build levees included the state of California and various water management districts. These organizations recognized the value of Chinese labor in constructing and maintaining levees, as Chinese workers were known for their skill, efficiency, and willingness to work for lower wages than white workers.

It is also worth noting that some Chinese immigrants in the Sacramento Delta area were able to acquire land of their own through various means, such as purchasing land from bankrupt farmers or leasing land from absentee landlords. These Chinese farmers often built levees on their own land using their own labor or by hiring other Chinese workers.
88888899999
197-1960 Army Corps完成了筑堤坝

Reuben Kercheval is credited with building the first man made levees in the Delta on Grand Island (Locke, ilston)
 about 1849. They were built from peat and only lasted a few years. 

In 1850 the Swamp and Overflow act

1869 竣工,东部欧洲移民过来谋生,嫌弃华人 反对华人

1880--1900 机械化


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